1. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY?
It is imperative that anyone who proposes to study psychology, like any other area of knowledge, seeks to understand how concepts and theories have been elaborated, as well as some of these have been overcome, that is, how the construction of knowledge about the discipline in question has occurred. that can be advanced from there.
2. WHAT ARE THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF ANCIENT GREECE THAT PROVIDED THE BEGINNING OF THE REFLECTION ON MAN?
Its geographic location, the non-dogmatic religion, the regime of government and the territorial conquests that made of Greece the greatest power of the time.
3. WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PSYCHOLOGY APPEARED IN THE TEXTS OF SOCRATES, PLATO AND ARISTOTLE?
Socrates understood that what separates man from other animals is reason and that it is the essence of our humanity. Plato goes further and seeks to define a place for reason in the human body, proposed that this place would be the head, where the soul is located, the marrow would be the connecting element of the soul with the body. Already Aristotle argued that the soul can not be dissociated from the body and that all living beings are endowed with soul being that plants have vegetative soul, sensory animals and humans beyond the previous two rational soul, he also studied the differences between reason, perception and sensations.
4. WITH THE HEGEMONY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE AVERAGE AGE, WHICH WAS THE CONTRIBUTION OF SAINT AUGUSTIN AND SÃO TOMÁS DE AQUINO FOR KNOWLEDGE IN PSYCHOLOGY?
For St. Augustine, the soul was not only the seat of reason, but the proof of the divine manifestation in man, and the soul being also the seat of thought, the Church began to worry about her understanding. Thomas Aquinas finds rational arguments to justify the dogmas and guarantees the Church the hegemony in the study of the psychism.
5. IN WHICH IS THE CONTRIBUTION OF DESCARTES TO PSYCHOLOGY? WHAT IS THIS CONTRIBUTION?
In the Renaissance, he proposed the separation of soul and body and that the body without the spirit is just a machine, thus opening the way for the study of human cadavers which allowed the advancement of anatomy and physiology, which played a fundamental role in the psychology.
6. WHAT THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PHYSIOLOGY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY FOR PSYCHOLOGY?
The discovery that psychological events are directly associated with neurophysiological events.
7. WHAT IS WUNDT'S ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY?
He is considered the father of modern or scientific psychology because he created at the University of Leipzig, Germany the first laboratory to perform experiments in the field of psychophysiology, let alone his extensive production in the field.
Curiosity - One of those who most criticized the Wundt was Sigmund Freud who came to call his method ridiculous.
8. WHAT IS THE CRITERIA THAT PSYCHOLOGY SHOULD MEET TO ACQUIRE THE STATUS OF SCIENCE?
The psychological phenomena are acquiring scientific status because for the conception of the time, what was not measurable was not subject to scientific study.
Its science status is contained as it frees itself from philosophy and thus attracts new scholars and researchers who from there begin to define their method or methods.
9. WHAT FEATURES FUNCTIONALISM, ASSOCIATIONISM AND STRUCTURALISM?
Functionalism - School of psychology that emphasizes the acts or mental processes as object of study of psychology, in contrast to the structuralist schools, that emphasize the conscious contents, is preoccupied with the conscience. The functional point of view held that the mind should be studied in terms of its usefulness to the organism, taking into account the adaptation to its environment. In other words, the study will define "what is" the mind and not "what is" the mind.
Associationism - The term associates originates from the conception that learning occurs through a process of association of ideas - from the simplest to the most complex. Thus, to learn a complex thing, one would first have to learn the simplest ideas, which one would be associated with.
Structuralism - Structuralism emerged with the English Edward Titchener (1867-1927) and is based on the study of the elements or mental contents and their mechanical connection, through the association process, but discarded the idea that the apperception (mental process through from which each individual perceives and interprets the world) has some part in this process.
His main ground of study was on the elements themselves, and he believed that psychology should seek to discover the nature of elementary conscious experiences in order to determine its structure through the analysis of the parts that form it.
10. WHAT ARE THE MAIN THEORIES IN PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SEC. XX?
They stood out in sec. XX Behaviorism or stimulus-response theory, constructed from the observation of the behavior, and that by its pragmaticity had great development in the United States. It was also emphasized the theory known as Gestalt, which preached the need to know the man in its totality, and finally the Freudian Psychoanalysis that reveals the importance of affectivity and the study of the unconscious.
1.1. What are the differences between psychology as a branch of philosophy and scientific psychology?
Psychology-philosophical sought the knowledge of the human soul and as the knowledge of the soul (which is not material), obviously it is subjective, could not have science status; with the advancement of the studies of physiology and neurophysiology, it was perceived that the psychic phenomena were produced by a system, so to understand the human psyche it becomes necessary to understand in an objective and empirical way the mechanisms of brain functioning.
1.2. HOW IS THE PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO THE MATERIAL CONDITIONS OF THE HISTORICAL MOMENT IN WHICH IT IS GIVEN? EXEMPLIFY.
The production of knowledge has always been related to several factors such as geography, religiosity, politics, economics, etc. We can cite the ancient Greece that had favorable conditions for intense intellectual production in antiquity. Its geographical location, its religion without dogmas, the democracy and the territorial conquests that made it the greatest power of the time, providing the necessary conditions for the intense production of knowledge. Another example was the crisis of the monarchy in Europe, the emergence of the Enlightenment that originated the traditional Protestantism that allowed the obtaining of profits, which generated the capitalism that had enormous influence in the postmodern scientific production.
1.3. BUILD A LINE OF TIME AND REGISTER IN IT THE MAIN FRAMES OF THE HISTORY OF HUMANITY AND THE MAIN MOMENTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGY.
Post Modernism - Capitalism, Industrial Revolution, Scientific Psychology.
Renaissance - Discovery of America, Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment, intense scientific production.
Middle Ages - The Church monopolizes knowledge and consequently the study of the psyche, in this period stand out Augustine of Hippo and Aquinas.
Antiquity - Apogee of Greek thought (in this period the interest began to understand the psyche, that is, the human soul).
It is imperative that anyone who proposes to study psychology, like any other area of knowledge, seeks to understand how concepts and theories have been elaborated, as well as some of these have been overcome, that is, how the construction of knowledge about the discipline in question has occurred. that can be advanced from there.
2. WHAT ARE THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF ANCIENT GREECE THAT PROVIDED THE BEGINNING OF THE REFLECTION ON MAN?
Its geographic location, the non-dogmatic religion, the regime of government and the territorial conquests that made of Greece the greatest power of the time.
3. WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PSYCHOLOGY APPEARED IN THE TEXTS OF SOCRATES, PLATO AND ARISTOTLE?
Socrates understood that what separates man from other animals is reason and that it is the essence of our humanity. Plato goes further and seeks to define a place for reason in the human body, proposed that this place would be the head, where the soul is located, the marrow would be the connecting element of the soul with the body. Already Aristotle argued that the soul can not be dissociated from the body and that all living beings are endowed with soul being that plants have vegetative soul, sensory animals and humans beyond the previous two rational soul, he also studied the differences between reason, perception and sensations.
4. WITH THE HEGEMONY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE AVERAGE AGE, WHICH WAS THE CONTRIBUTION OF SAINT AUGUSTIN AND SÃO TOMÁS DE AQUINO FOR KNOWLEDGE IN PSYCHOLOGY?
For St. Augustine, the soul was not only the seat of reason, but the proof of the divine manifestation in man, and the soul being also the seat of thought, the Church began to worry about her understanding. Thomas Aquinas finds rational arguments to justify the dogmas and guarantees the Church the hegemony in the study of the psychism.
5. IN WHICH IS THE CONTRIBUTION OF DESCARTES TO PSYCHOLOGY? WHAT IS THIS CONTRIBUTION?
In the Renaissance, he proposed the separation of soul and body and that the body without the spirit is just a machine, thus opening the way for the study of human cadavers which allowed the advancement of anatomy and physiology, which played a fundamental role in the psychology.
6. WHAT THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PHYSIOLOGY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY FOR PSYCHOLOGY?
The discovery that psychological events are directly associated with neurophysiological events.
7. WHAT IS WUNDT'S ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY?
He is considered the father of modern or scientific psychology because he created at the University of Leipzig, Germany the first laboratory to perform experiments in the field of psychophysiology, let alone his extensive production in the field.
Curiosity - One of those who most criticized the Wundt was Sigmund Freud who came to call his method ridiculous.
8. WHAT IS THE CRITERIA THAT PSYCHOLOGY SHOULD MEET TO ACQUIRE THE STATUS OF SCIENCE?
The psychological phenomena are acquiring scientific status because for the conception of the time, what was not measurable was not subject to scientific study.
Its science status is contained as it frees itself from philosophy and thus attracts new scholars and researchers who from there begin to define their method or methods.
9. WHAT FEATURES FUNCTIONALISM, ASSOCIATIONISM AND STRUCTURALISM?
Functionalism - School of psychology that emphasizes the acts or mental processes as object of study of psychology, in contrast to the structuralist schools, that emphasize the conscious contents, is preoccupied with the conscience. The functional point of view held that the mind should be studied in terms of its usefulness to the organism, taking into account the adaptation to its environment. In other words, the study will define "what is" the mind and not "what is" the mind.
Associationism - The term associates originates from the conception that learning occurs through a process of association of ideas - from the simplest to the most complex. Thus, to learn a complex thing, one would first have to learn the simplest ideas, which one would be associated with.
Structuralism - Structuralism emerged with the English Edward Titchener (1867-1927) and is based on the study of the elements or mental contents and their mechanical connection, through the association process, but discarded the idea that the apperception (mental process through from which each individual perceives and interprets the world) has some part in this process.
His main ground of study was on the elements themselves, and he believed that psychology should seek to discover the nature of elementary conscious experiences in order to determine its structure through the analysis of the parts that form it.
10. WHAT ARE THE MAIN THEORIES IN PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SEC. XX?
They stood out in sec. XX Behaviorism or stimulus-response theory, constructed from the observation of the behavior, and that by its pragmaticity had great development in the United States. It was also emphasized the theory known as Gestalt, which preached the need to know the man in its totality, and finally the Freudian Psychoanalysis that reveals the importance of affectivity and the study of the unconscious.
1.1. What are the differences between psychology as a branch of philosophy and scientific psychology?
Psychology-philosophical sought the knowledge of the human soul and as the knowledge of the soul (which is not material), obviously it is subjective, could not have science status; with the advancement of the studies of physiology and neurophysiology, it was perceived that the psychic phenomena were produced by a system, so to understand the human psyche it becomes necessary to understand in an objective and empirical way the mechanisms of brain functioning.
1.2. HOW IS THE PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO THE MATERIAL CONDITIONS OF THE HISTORICAL MOMENT IN WHICH IT IS GIVEN? EXEMPLIFY.
The production of knowledge has always been related to several factors such as geography, religiosity, politics, economics, etc. We can cite the ancient Greece that had favorable conditions for intense intellectual production in antiquity. Its geographical location, its religion without dogmas, the democracy and the territorial conquests that made it the greatest power of the time, providing the necessary conditions for the intense production of knowledge. Another example was the crisis of the monarchy in Europe, the emergence of the Enlightenment that originated the traditional Protestantism that allowed the obtaining of profits, which generated the capitalism that had enormous influence in the postmodern scientific production.
1.3. BUILD A LINE OF TIME AND REGISTER IN IT THE MAIN FRAMES OF THE HISTORY OF HUMANITY AND THE MAIN MOMENTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGY.
Post Modernism - Capitalism, Industrial Revolution, Scientific Psychology.
Renaissance - Discovery of America, Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment, intense scientific production.
Middle Ages - The Church monopolizes knowledge and consequently the study of the psyche, in this period stand out Augustine of Hippo and Aquinas.
Antiquity - Apogee of Greek thought (in this period the interest began to understand the psyche, that is, the human soul).
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